security rating

the return a security or a portfolio would be expected to earn if the market’s rate of return were zero. Alpha expresses the difference between the return expected from a stock or unit trust, given its beta rating, and the return actually produced. A stock or trust that returns more than its beta would predict has a positive alpha, while one that returns less than the amount predicted by beta has a negative alpha. A large positive alpha indicates a strong performance, while a large negative alpha indicates a dismal performance.

     To begin with, the market itself is assigned a beta of 1.0. If a stock or trust has a beta of 1.2, this means its price is likely to rise or fall by 12% when the overall market rises or falls by 10%; a beta of 7.0 means the stock or trust price is likely to move up or down at 70% of the level of the market change.

     In practice, an alpha of 0.4 means the stock or trust in question outperformed the market-based return estimate by 0.4%. An alpha of –0.6 means the return was 0.6% less than would have been predicted from the change in the market alone.

     Both alpha and beta should be readily available upon request from investment firms, because the figures appear in standard performance reports. It is always best to ask for them, because calculating a stock’s alpha rating requires first knowing a stock’s beta rating, and beta calculations can involve mathematical complexities.

See also beta rating

 

навесной замок
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Параллельные тексты EN-RU

...be provided with a means permitting it to be locked in the OFF (isolated) position (for example by padlocks).
[IEC 60204-1-2006]

... иметь средства для запирания в положении ОТКЛЮЧЕНО (отделено), например, с помощью навесных замков.
[Перевод Интент]

 

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Источник: insight-security.com
In simple terms, a padlock has three major components; the Body, the Shackle and the Locking Mechanism, …it may also incorporate features such as a weatherproof casing, anti drill or anti cropping protection, etc.

Discus style padlocks - have no angular corners, so are often used with cycle security chains and cables, as well as being a popular choice for securing doors on sheds and beach huts, etc. When used as a door lock, they will typically be used in conjunction with the special shrouded discus hasp and staple set, which offers extra protection to the padlock shackle.

Shutter Locks / Anvil Locks - are typically used to secure the external (or internal) security roller shutters fitted to shop fronts. They are also popular for use with parking posts, motorcycle security chains, etc.

Conventional Style padlocks have a wide range of applications from low security applications like locking your toolbox, to high security uses such as securing factory gates or protecting motorcycles. They are typically available as; Open, Close, or Semi Enclosed Shackle types

Shackleless type padlock (shown with special hasp)

Shackleless Padlocks - this is a bit of a misnomer as the padlock does of course have a shackle, it’s just that it’s on the underside of the lock body and therefore unseen. This type of padlock can be round (like the one pictured) or rectangular, but typically, they are designed to be used with a special matching security hasp. Because of their design, these units are difficult to attack and over recent years, as well as being used on warehouse doors, etc, they have also become very popular for use on vans and other vehicles where they are used to secure opening double doors.
 

4 tumbler combintion padlock

 

A "Close Shackle" padlock is one with built in shoulders, which are designed to minimise the amount of the shackle exposed, to a saw or bolt cropper attack. This type of padlock will normally have a higher security rating than an equivalent unit with a semi enclosed or open shackle, however subject to size and clearances, may not be practical for instance, to use where you need to secure 2 chain links together or require a padlock for use with a shrouded hasp, etc. To make them easier to use, many Close Shackle padlocks feature "removable shackles" which are fully released from the body of the padlock when it's unlocked.

 

An "Open Shackle" padlock will typically be easier to use where the shackle needs to pass through 2 chain-links (i.e, a chain securing two opening gates together), etc. As more of the shackle is exposed however, this makes it potentially easier to attack with a saw or bolt croppers.

 

A "Semi Enclosed Shackle" padlock is something of a compromise, but will often offer more flexibility in use than a Close Shackle padlock and improved security over an Open Shackle model.

Тематики

• электробезопасность

EN

• padlock

1) Information technology: overall evaluation class rating

2) Security: security rating

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n <Börse, Finanz> Rating triple-A security (mit AAA oder Aaa bewerteter Titel)

1) Economy: securities rating (оценка надёжности и риска)

2) Business: security rating